before
In addition to the uses shown below, before is used in the phrasal verbs `go before' and `lay before'.
1 prep If something happens before a particular date, time, or event, it happens earlier than that date, time, or event., (Antonym: after)
Annie was born a few weeks before Christmas..., Before World War II, women were not recruited as intelligence officers..., My husband rarely comes to bed before 2 or 3am.
Before is also a conjunction., conj
Stock prices climbed close to the peak they'd registered before the stock market crashed.
2 prep If you do one thing before doing something else, you do it earlier than the other thing.
PREP -ing (Antonym: after)
He spent his early life in Sri Lanka before moving to England..., Before leaving, he went into his office to fill in the daily time sheet.
Before is also a conjunction., conj
He took a cold shower and then towelled off before he put on fresh clothes.
3 adv You use before when you are talking about time. For example, if something happened the day before a particular date or event, it happened during the previous day.
n ADV
The war had ended only a month or so before.
Before is also a preposition., prep n PREP n
It's interesting that he sent me the book twenty days before the deadline for my book.
Before is also a conjunction., conj
Kelman had a book published in the US more than a decade before a British publisher would touch him.
4 conj If you do something before someone else can do something, you do it when they have not yet done it.
Before Gallacher could catch up with the ball, Nadlovu had beaten him to it.
5 adv If someone has done something before, they have done it on a previous occasion. If someone has not done something before, they have never done it.
ADV after v
I had met Professor Lown before..., She had never been to Italy before.
6 conj If there is a period of time or if several things are done before something happens, it takes that amount of time or effort for this thing to happen.
(=until)
It was some time before the door opened in response to his ring.
7 conj If a particular situation has to happen before something else happens, this situation must happen or exist in order for the other thing to happen.
There was additional work to be done before all the troops would be ready.
8 prep If someone is before something, they are in front of it.
FORMAL They drove through a tall iron gate and stopped before a large white villa.
9 prep If you tell someone that one place is a certain distance before another, you mean that they will come to the first place first.
The turn is about two kilometres before the roundabout.
10 prep If you appear or come before an official person or group, you go there and answer questions.
The Governor will appear before the committee next Tuesday.
11 prep If something happens before a particular person or group, it is seen by or happens while this person or this group is present.
The game followed a colourful opening ceremony before a crowd of seventy-four thousand.
12 prep If you have something such as a journey, a task, or a stage of your life before you, you must do it or live through it in the future.
PREP pron
(=ahead of)
Everyone in the room knew it was the single hardest task before them...
13 prep When you want to say that one person or thing is more important than another, you can say that they come before the other person or thing.
v PREP n
Her husband, her children, and the Church came before her needs.
